Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas IV SD Ditinjau Dari Langkahnya
Keywords:
Pemecahan Masalah, Soal Cerita, Matematika, Siswa SDAbstract
Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis merupakan kompetensi fundamental yang wajib dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar. Kompetensi ini tidak hanya terkait dengan penguasaan konsep prosedural, tetapi juga kemampuan bernalar dan menerapkan matematika dalam konteks kehidupan nyata. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara mendalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SD kelas IV dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita materi pecahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menelaah berbagai jurnal untuk melakukan sintesis bukti yang komprehensif, sistematis, dan transparan mengenai kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SD dalam soal cerita materi pecahan. Sintesis literatur sistematis ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SD kelas IV dalam soal cerita materi pecahan masih menghadapi tantangan serius, dengan pola kesalahan yang konsisten meliputi miskonsepsi, kesalahan prosedural, dan hambatan linguistik. Faktor utama penghambatnya meliputi pengetahuan prasyarat yang lemah, kemampuan literasi membaca, dan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Bukti efektivitas intervensi menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan berbasis visual, strategi pemodelan matematika eksplisit, dan scaffolding berbasis diagnosis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan tersebut secara signifikan.
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